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1500 questions
78
votes
5 answers

How are mathematicians taught to write with such an expository style?

I wasn't sure if this question was appropriate for MSE. One of the major complaints we see in industry is a person's ability to communicate which includes writing. We see the same thing on questions that are posted on MSE by younger students.…
Amzoti
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78
votes
1 answer

Gerrymandering on a high-genus surface/can I use my powers for evil?

Somewhat in contrast to this question. Let's say the Supreme Court has just issued a ruling that the upper and lower roads of an overpass need not be in the same congressional district. This makes states with lots of overpasses into high-genus…
Alex Becker
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78
votes
22 answers

An example of a problem which is difficult but is made easier when a diagram is drawn

I am writing a blog post related to problem solving and one of the main techniques used in problem solving is drawing a diagram. Essentially, I want to illustrate that some hard problems (for example, word problems) can be done fairly easily when…
Jeel Shah
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77
votes
3 answers

An explanation of the Kalman filter

In the past 3 months, I've been trying to understand the Kalman filter. I have tried to implement it, I have watched YouTube tutorials, and I have read some papers about it and its operation (update, predicate, etc.). However, I still am unable to…
77
votes
1 answer

Difference between Analytic and Holomorphic function

A function $f : \mathbb{C} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ is said to be holomorphic in an open set $A \subset \mathbb{C}$ if it is differentiable at each point of the set $A$. The function $f : \mathbb{C} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ is said to be analytic if…
Supriyo
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77
votes
3 answers

What do prime ideals in $k[x,y]$ look like?

Suppose that $k$ is an algebraically closed field. Then what do the prime ideals in the polynomial ring $k[x,y]$ look like? As far as I know, the maximal ideals of $k[x,y]$ are of the form $(x-a,y-b)$ where $a,b\in k$. What can we say about the…
user14242
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77
votes
4 answers

Why does the google calculator give $\tan 90^{\circ} = 1.6331779e^{+16}$?

I typed in $\tan 90^{\circ}$ in Google and it gave $1.6331779\mathrm{E}16$. How did it come to this answer? Limits? Some magic?
Gizmo
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77
votes
2 answers

Integration of forms and integration on a measure space

In Terence Tao's PCM article: DIFFERENTIAL FORMS AND INTEGRATION, it is pointed out that there are three concepts of integration which appear in the subject (single-variable calculus): the indefinite integral $\int f$ (also known as the…
77
votes
4 answers

Difference between basis and subbasis in a topology?

I was reading Topology from Munkres and got confused by the definition of a subbasis. What is/are the difference between basis and subbasis in a topology?
Grobber
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77
votes
4 answers

Laplace, Legendre, Fourier, Hankel, Mellin, Hilbert, Borel, Z...: unified treatment of transforms?

I understand "transform methods" as recipes, but beyond this they are a big mystery to me. There are two aspects of them I find bewildering. One is the sheer number of them. Is there a unified framework that includes all these transforms as…
77
votes
10 answers

Is learning (theoretical) physics useful/important for a mathematician?

I'm starting to read The Princeton Companion to Mathematics, at the beginning it says: A proper appreciation of pure mathematics requires some knowledge of applied mathematics and theoretical physics. Some of my professors have told me that…
Vicfred
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77
votes
15 answers

Dot Product Intuition

I'm searching to develop the intuition (rather than memorization) in relating the two forms of a dot product (by an angle theta between the vectors and by the components of the vector ). For example, suppose I have vector $\mathbf{a} =…
nerdy
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77
votes
6 answers

Proof a graph is bipartite if and only if it contains no odd cycles

How can we prove that a graph is bipartite if and only if all of its cycles have even order? Also, does this theorem have a common name? I found it in a maths Olympiad toolbox.
77
votes
14 answers

What are some mathematical topics that involve adding and multiplying pictures?

Let me give you an example of what I mean. Flag algebras are a tool used in extremal graph theory which involve writing inequalities that look like: (It's not too important to my question what this inequality means, but let me give you some…
Misha Lavrov
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77
votes
5 answers

Why should I care about adjoint functors

I am comfortable with the definition of adjoint functors. I have done a few exercises proving that certain pairs of functors are adjoint (tensor and hom, sheafification and forgetful, direct image and inverse image of sheaves, spec and global…