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1500 questions
77
votes
5 answers

Under what condition we can interchange order of a limit and a summation?

Suppose f(m,n) is a double sequence in $\mathbb R$. Under what condition do we have $\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\sum\limits_{m=1}^\infty f(m,n)=\sum\limits_{m=1}^\infty \lim\limits_{n\to\infty} f(m,n)$? Thanks!
zzzhhh
  • 909
77
votes
11 answers

Why is $\Gamma\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)=\sqrt{\pi}$?

It seems as if no one has asked this here before, unless I don't know how to search. The Gamma function is $$ \Gamma(\alpha)=\int_0^\infty x^{\alpha-1} e^{-x}\,dx. $$ Why is $$ \Gamma\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)=\sqrt{\pi}\text{ ?} $$ (I'll post my own…
77
votes
24 answers

Prove $0! = 1$ from first principles

How can I prove from first principles that $0!$ is equal to $1$?
77
votes
1 answer

Divisor -- line bundle correspondence in algebraic geometry

I know a little bit of the theory of compact Riemann surfaces, wherein there is a very nice divisor -- line bundle correspondence. But when I take up the book of Hartshorne, the notion of Cartier divisor there is very confusing. It is certainly not…
user977
77
votes
4 answers

Graph theory: adjacency vs incident

Okay, so I think if 2 vertices are adjacent to each other, they are incident to each other....or do I have it wrong? Is this just different terminology. I thought I was totally clear on this for my class, but now I am doubting myself reading the…
pqsk
  • 875
77
votes
6 answers

How to generate random points on a sphere?

How do I generate $1000$ points $\left(x, y, z\right)$ and make sure they land on a sphere whose center is $\left(0, 0, 0\right)$ and its diameter is $20$ ?. Simply, how do I manipulate a point's coordinates so that the point lies on the sphere's…
Filip
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77
votes
8 answers

What is the chance to get a parking ticket in half an hour if the chance to get a ticket is 80% in 1 hour?

This sounds more like a brain teaser, but I had some kink to think it through :( Suppose you're parking at a non-parking zone, the probability to get a parking ticket is 80% in 1 hour, what is the probability to get a ticket in half an hour? Please…
Rock
  • 816
77
votes
4 answers

Teenager solves Newton dynamics problem - where is the paper?

From Ottawa Citizen (and all over, really): An Indian-born teenager has won a research award for solving a mathematical problem first posed by Sir Isaac Newton more than 300 years ago that has baffled mathematicians ever since. The solution…
77
votes
3 answers

how to read a mathematical paper?

I hope that this question is on-topic, though it is not quite technical. I am curious to hear from people how they approach reading a mathematical paper. I am not asking specific questions on purpose, though at first I had a few. But I want to keep…
77
votes
1 answer

Overview of basic results on cardinal arithmetic

Are there some good overviews of basic formulas about addition, multiplication and exponentiation of cardinals (preferably available online)?
76
votes
2 answers

Determinant of a rank $1$ update of a scalar matrix, or characteristic polynomial of a rank $1$ matrix

This question aims to create an "abstract duplicate" of numerous questions that ask about determinants of specific matrices (I may have missed a few): Characteristic polynomial of a matrix of $1$'s Eigenvalues of the rank one matrix…
76
votes
5 answers

How to prove that a compact set in a Hausdorff topological space is closed?

How to prove that a compact set $K$ in a Hausdorff topological space $\mathbb{X}$ is closed? I seek a proof that is as self contained as possible. Thank you.
76
votes
14 answers

Dividing 100% by 3 without any left

In mathematics, as far as I know, you can't divide 100% by 3 without having 0,1...% left. Imagine an apple which was cloned two times, so the other 2 are completely equal in 'quality'. The totality of the 3 apples is 100%. Now, you can divide those…
76
votes
6 answers

Why can't you pick socks using coin flips?

I'm teaching myself axiomatic set theory and I'm having some trouble getting my head around the axiom of choice. I (think I) understand what the axiom says, but I don't get why it is so 'contentious', which probably means I haven't yet digested it…
MGA
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76
votes
6 answers

Functions which are Continuous, but not Bicontinuous

What are some examples of functions which are continuous, but whose inverse is not continuous? nb: I changed the question after a few comments, so some of the below no longer make sense. Sorry.