Questions tagged [functional-inequalities]

For questions about proving and manipulating functional inequalities.

628 questions
26
votes
0 answers

Gradient Estimate - Question about Inequality vs. Equality sign in one part

$\DeclareMathOperator{\diam}{diam}\newcommand{\norm}[1]{\lVert#1\rVert}\newcommand{\abs}[1]{\lvert#1\rvert}$For $u \in C^{1}(\overline{\Omega})$, for $\Omega\Subset \mathbb{R^{n}}$ a bounded convex set, and for any $1 \leq p \leq q$ such that…
21
votes
5 answers

If $f$ is continuous and $\,f\big(\frac{1}2(x+y)\big) \le \frac{1}{2}\big(\,f(x)+f(y)\big)$, then $f$ is convex

Let $\,\,f :\mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ be a continuous function such that $$ f\Big(\dfrac{x+y}2\Big) \le \dfrac{1}{2}\big(\,f(x)+f(y)\big) ,\,\, \text{for all}\,\, x,y \in \mathbb R, $$ then how do we prove that $f$ is convex that…
20
votes
0 answers

Smallest $c$ such that $f'0$ and $f''' \le f.$

Let $f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ be a $C^3$ function such that $f,f',f'',f'''>0$ and $f''' \le f.$ What is the smallest $c$ such that we can guarantee $f'1.$ On the other hand, I managed to show $c =…
17
votes
2 answers

Weighted Poincare Inequality

I'm trying to prove a result I found in a paper, and I think I'm being a bit silly. The paper claims the following: By the Poincare inequality on the unit square $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ we have that $$\int_{\Omega} f(x)^2 dx \leq C…
16
votes
0 answers

How to prove this polynomial inequality?

How can we prove the following? If $\frac{dP_{n}}{dz}|_{z=z_{0}}=0$ then $|P_{n}(z_{0})|<2$ for all $n>1$, where $P_{n}(z)\equiv P_{n-1}^{2}+z$ and $P_{1}\equiv z$ $z$ is in the complex plane. It appears that…
15
votes
11 answers

If $f(x)\leq f(f(x))$ for all $x$, is $x\leq f(x)$?

If I have $f(x)\leq f(f(x))$ for all real $x$, can I deduce $x\leq f(x)$? Thank you.
JSCB
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13
votes
1 answer

prove a challenging inequality or find a counterexample to it

Suppose $\mathcal{M}_1$ represents the space of smooth probability density functions with unit mean, whose support is contained in $[0,\infty)$ (or $\mathbb{R}_+$). Define the following functional $$\mathrm{J}(f):= \int_0^\infty x\frac{(f')^2}{f}…
Fei Cao
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12
votes
1 answer

Prove that $\int_0^1|f''(x)|dx\ge4.$

Let $f$ be a $C^2$ function on $[0,1]$. $f(0)=f(1)=f'(0)=0,f'(1)=1.$ Prove that $$\int_0^1|f''(x)| \, dx\ge4.$$ Also determine all possible $f$ when equality occurs.
11
votes
2 answers

How prove this function inequality $xf(x)>\frac{1}{x}f\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)$

Let $f(x)$ be monotone decreasing on $(0,+\infty)$, such that $$0\dfrac{1}{x}f\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right),\qquad\forall x\in(0,1).$$ My ideas: Since $f(x)$ is monotone…
math110
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10
votes
1 answer

A curious norm related to the L¹ norm

If $f \in C^0([0,1])$, one can define $$\Vert f \Vert_? = \sup_{J \subset [0,1]} \left\lvert \int_J f \right\rvert,$$ where $J$ runs among all subintervals of $[0,1]$. This is a norm on $C^0([0,1])$ (and Lebesgue's density theorem shows that this…
10
votes
3 answers

Continuous function satisfying $ f\left(\dfrac{x+t}{2}\right) \le f(x) + f(t)$ inequality must be $0$

Let $f$ a real function defined and continuous on $[0,1]$ such that $$f(0)=f(1)=0$$ $$ f\left(\dfrac{x+t}{2}\right) \le f(x) + f(t)$$ for all $x,t$ prove that $f$ is zero. My try was proving first that f is nonnegative (no problem) then using the…
10
votes
1 answer

Can we show that the determinant of this matrix is non-zero?

Consider the following symmetric matrix $M= \begin{bmatrix} f(x) & f(2x) & \dots & f(nx)\\ f(2x) & f(4x) & \dots & f(2nx)\\ \vdots & \vdots & \dots & \vdots\\ f(nx) & f(2nx) & \dots & f(n^2x) \end{bmatrix}$, where $f(x):…
10
votes
1 answer

Solve $f (x + y) + f (y + z) + f (z + x) \ge 3f (x + 2y + 3z)$

Find all functions $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ which satisfy : $f (x + y) + f (y + z) + f (z + x) ≥ 3f (x + 2y + 3z)$ for real $x,y,z$. Attempt at solution: I have tried plugging in $x = -y$ and $x = -z$. This does not seem to be getting me…
user424290
9
votes
1 answer

A unsolved puzzle from Number Theory/ Functional inequalities

The function $g:[0,1]\to[0,1]$ is continuously differentiable and increasing. Also, $g(0)=0$ and $g(1)=1$. Continuity and differentiability of higher orders can be assumed if necessary. The proposition on hand is the following: If for…
9
votes
0 answers

Determine all functions $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such that $\alpha\,f(yz)+\beta\,f(zx)+\gamma\,f(xy)\geq f(x+y+z)$ for all $x,y,z\in\mathbb{R}$.

Let $\alpha,\beta,\gamma$ be three real numbers. Determine all functions $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such that $$\alpha\,f(yz)+\beta\,f(zx)+\gamma\,f(xy)\geq f(x+y+z)$$ for all $x,y,z\in\mathbb{R}$. Remarks. If $\alpha=\beta=\gamma=0$, then any…
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