Mathematics Stack Exchange
Mathematics Stack Exchange

Questions tagged [discrete-mathematics]

The study of discrete mathematical structures. Consider using a more specific tag instead, such as: (combinatorics), (graph-theory), (computer-science), (probability), (elementary-set-theory), (induction), (recurrence-relations), etc.

Discrete mathematics is not the name of a branch of mathematics, like number theory, algebra, calculus, etc. Rather, it's a description of a set of branches of math that all have in common the feature that they are "discrete" rather than "continuous".

The term "discrete mathematics" is therefore used in contrast with "continuous mathematics," which is the branch of mathematics dealing with objects that can vary smoothly (and which includes, for example, calculus). Whereas discrete objects can often be characterized by integers, continuous objects require real numbers.

Though there cannot be a definite number of branches of Discrete Mathematics, the following topics are almost always covered in any study regarding this matter −

  • Sets, Relations and Functions
  • Mathematical Logic
  • Group theory
  • Counting Theory
  • Probability
  • Mathematical Induction and Recurrence Relations
  • Graph Theory
  • Trees
  • Boolean Algebra

For an overview, see the Wikipedia entry on Discrete mathematics.

and http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/202/notes.pdf

Consider using a more specific tag instead, such as: , , , , , , , , etc.

33586 questions
228
votes
4 answers

How many fours are needed to represent numbers up to $N$?

The goal of the four fours puzzle is to represent each natural number using four copies of the digit $4$ and common mathematical symbols. For example, $165=\left(\sqrt{4} + \sqrt{\sqrt{{\sqrt{4^{4!}}}}}\right) \div .4$. If we remove the restriction…
David Bevan
  • 5,891
200
votes
6 answers

Using proof by contradiction vs proof of the contrapositive

What is the difference between a "proof by contradiction" and "proving the contrapositive"? Intuitive, it feels like doing the exact same thing. And when I compare an exercise, one person proves by contradiction, and the other proves the…
Kasper
  • 13,940
157
votes
33 answers

Sum of First $n$ Squares Equals $\frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}$

I am just starting into calculus and I have a question about the following statement I encountered while learning about definite integrals: $$\sum_{k=1}^n k^2 = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}$$ I really have no idea why this statement is true. Can someone…
Nathan Osman
  • 1,933
126
votes
16 answers

What is the smallest unknown natural number?

There are several unknown numbers in mathematics, such as optimal constants in some inequalities. Often it is enough to some estimates for these numbers from above and below, but finding the exact values is also interesting. There are situations…
Joonas Ilmavirta
  • 26,345
101
votes
8 answers

What is $\gcd(0,0)$?

What is the greatest common divisor of $0$ and $0$? On the one hand, Wolfram Alpha says that it is $0$; on the other hand, it also claims that $100$ divides $0$, so $100$ should be a greater common divisor of $0$ and $0$ than $0$.
Konstantin Weitz
  • 1,295
100
votes
11 answers

What is the best book for studying discrete mathematics?

As a programmer, mathematics is important basic knowledge to study some topics, especially Algorithms. Many websites, and my fellows suggest me to study Discrete Mathematics before going to Algorithms, so I want to know which Discrete Mathematics…
idonno
  • 4,033
90
votes
10 answers

Would you ever stop rolling the die?

You have a six-sided die. You keep a cumulative total of your dice rolls. (E.g. if you roll a 3, then a 5, then a 2, your cumulative total is 10.) If your cumulative total is ever equal to a perfect square, then you lose, and you go home with…
Newb
  • 17,987
  • 14
  • 70
  • 116
87
votes
9 answers

What is the proof that the total number of subsets of a set is $2^n$?

What is the proof that given a set of $n$ elements there are $2^n$ possible subsets (including the empty-set and the original set).
Celeritas
  • 2,839
  • 7
  • 37
  • 62
78
votes
10 answers

Why is the Traveling Salesperson Problem "Difficult"?

The Traveling Salesperson Problem is originally a mathematics/computer science optimization problem in which the goal is to determine a path to take between a group of cities such that you return to the starting city after visiting each city exactly…
stats_noob
  • 4,107
76
votes
14 answers

Dividing 100% by 3 without any left

In mathematics, as far as I know, you can't divide 100% by 3 without having 0,1...% left. Imagine an apple which was cloned two times, so the other 2 are completely equal in 'quality'. The totality of the 3 apples is 100%. Now, you can divide those…
RAO
  • 1,027
75
votes
2 answers

A comprehensive list of binomial identities?

Is there a comprehensive resource listing binomial identities? I am more interested in combinatorial proofs of such identities, but even a list without proofs will do.
user813
66
votes
4 answers

Given a Fibonacci number , find the next Fibonacci number

The Fibonacci sequence is $0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34,\ldots$, where each term after the first two is the sum of the two previous terms. Can we find the next Fibonacci number if we are given any Fibonacci number? For example, if $n = 8$ then…
ppSpp
  • 941
66
votes
11 answers

7 fishermen caught exactly 100 fish and no two had caught the same number of fish. Then there are three who have together captured at least 50 fish.

$7$ fishermen caught exactly $100$ fish and no two had caught the same number of fish. Prove that there are three fishermen who have captured together at least $50$ fish. Try: Suppose $k$th fisher caught $r_k$ fishes and that we…
nonuser
  • 91,557
66
votes
26 answers

What are some mathematically interesting computations involving matrices?

I am helping designing a course module that teaches basic python programming to applied math undergraduates. As a result, I'm looking for examples of mathematically interesting computations involving matrices. Preferably these examples would be…
providence
  • 4,508
  • 2
  • 34
  • 45
65
votes
1 answer

Why are asymptotically one half of the integer compositions gap-free?

Question summary The number of gap-free compositions of $n$ can already for quite small $n$ be very well approximated by the total number of compositions of $n$ divided by $2$. This question seeks to understand why. The details A composition of an…
Daniel R
  • 3,250
1
2 3
…
99 100