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This is a sister question to this question. We want to place N balls of $C$ different colors into K boxes, where the boxes must contain exactly $k$ balls. The number of balls of any specific color is $b_c$, and there are $B=k*K=\sum_c b_c$ balls. Balls of the same color are not distinguishable. No 2 or more balls of the same color are allowed to be in the same box, so obviously also $b_c<K \forall c$, so each box contains either zero or one ball of any specific color. All allowed distributions of balls are supposed to be equally likely, in the sense that the probability of x co-occurrences is directly proportional to the number of configurations that have that number of co-occurrences.

Is there an explicit probability distribution for the number of co-occurrences of balls of a set of colors?

Example: We have $9$ balls of $5$ colors and $3$ boxes of size $3$. The respective numbers of balls are: $(b_1, b_2, b_3, b_4, b_5) = (2,2,2,1,2)$. Is there an explicit probability distribution of how likely it is that balls of colors $(1,2,3)$ will appear in the same box $0$ times, $1$ times or $2$ times? Any help is greatly appreciated!

The same problem with boxes of unrestricted size and balls of only $2$ colors results in a hypergeometric probability distribution, see HERE. But this problem is different enough so that it should have a different distribution.

TShiong
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Nils R
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  • What is the source of this problem? – user2661923 Jan 25 '25 at 22:41
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    A problem from my research, I need the distribution for specifying a null model – Nils R Jan 25 '25 at 22:43
  • Can you define what exactly co-occurrences are and how you count them? For example, if a box has three balls of color $1$, is that one co-occurrence of color $1$ or more? When we count co-occurrences of colors $1$, $2$, or $3$ as in your example, are you including cases where color $1$ appears in the same box as color $2$, or only cases where one of those colors appears in the same box as itself? – Misha Lavrov Jan 29 '25 at 01:24
  • ...I've now seen your clarification to a similar comment on your earlier question, and I'm even more confused. When you say that two balls of the same color cannot be in the same box, it sounds like you forbid what I assumed co-occurrences were; so what are you counting? Maybe you should add a formal definition to your question. – Misha Lavrov Jan 29 '25 at 01:28
  • I'm not sure how to express it formally, open for suggestions on that. No 2 or more balls of the same colour can be in the same box, there can be either exactly 1 or exactly 0 balls of the same colour in a box. Co-occurrences are between balls of different colours being placed in the same box. So if we have red, green, and blue, balls, and boxes of size 3, I want to know e.g. the probability for the number of boxes containing one red ball, one green ball, and one blue ball. All colours have to be present in the same box, so we count sets of the same size as the boxes (3 in the example) – Nils R Jan 30 '25 at 08:53

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