In the spirit of (this question) , I found a similar polynomial $x^{4 \cdot 3^k}+x^{3^k}+1$ also seems irredicible in $GF(2)$ after I inputted it in Mathematica. However the cyclotomic polynomial proof as given in the referenced question would not work for this case, so how would we prove its irreducibility?
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3Reduction of PRIMES-USA 2025 Entrance Problem Set #4 (https://math.mit.edu/research/highschool/primes/materials/2025/entpro25.pdf); this person posted other problems from that problem set to MSE as well – Zongshu Wu Nov 20 '24 at 03:01