Why I guess it is true:
I suppose $R$ is a UFD but not PID, then consider coprime ideals $I_1, \ldots,I_n$,
and let $I$ be the product of them. Then the homomorphism
$$\phi:R/I \rightarrow R/I_1 \times\dots\times R/I_n$$
such that
$$ \phi(a)=(a_1,...,a_n) \space \Longrightarrow \space a-a_k\in I_k$$
it can be proved that phi is a Injection but NOT surjection.
This suggests that
$$ |R/I|=|R/I_1\times\dots \times R/I_n| \rightarrow \infty $$
so that I guess all quotient rings in $R$ are infinite set. I cannot prove it, I don't even know whether it is correct.