When Windows encounters a file corruption on a file system, it may return the following error message:
Data error (cyclic redundancy check).
This suggests Windows checks every file operation (copy, move, etc.) by calculating CRCs. Does Windows really do this, whether during or after the operation?
Windows doesn't actually preform any redundancy on file transfers, this is a misnomer for the device driver accessing a bad sector block (see the SO question What, and where, is the NTFS CRC windows complains about? and this Microsoft KB article; NTFS does not store any kind of file checksums). If you receive this error on your computer, you should ensure your hard disk's integrity (and possibly invoke chkdsk with the /r flag).
Long story short, Windows does not verify any files after they are transferred. You can use another software tool like TeraCopy to verify data after moving/copying files.
