2

Background

In this paper (section 10), the linear cross-entropy benchmark (fidelity) for a random circuit $C$ and samples $s_i$ taken from that circuit is defined as

$$\chi := \frac{2^n}{k}\sum^k_{i=1}|\langle 0^n|C|s_i\rangle|^2$$

In that section, Scott Aaronson writes: "One can show that ideal sampling, with a noiseless quantum computer, would yield an expected value of $χ \approx 2$."

My question

Why does a random circuit produce $\chi \approx 2$?

I understand why a uniform distribution (classical random guessing) will produce $\chi \approx 1$. But I don't understand the random quantum circuit case.

qubitzer
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