I want to learn about Monero in good detail. Unfortunately I am not able to find any good and complete resource which described how this cryptocurrency works.
Most of the papers I found are analyzing the anonymity of Monero. On the homepage of Monero I found this resource. However this is not explaining how Monero works, it is explaining Group signatures which are used by Monero. Still its not explaining how everything works together.
Since Monero is based on the CryptoNote protocol, you should take a look at this resource and the standards here
The most detailed instruction about RingCT I had saw.
https://cryptoservices.github.io/cryptography/2017/07/21/Sigs.html
This describes ring signature, Pedersen commitment and range proof together and clearly.
An excellent overview of most aspects of Monero (excluding subaddresses and bulletproofs) is here: https://github.com/kurtmagnus/Monero-RCT-report/blob/master/main.pdf
Learn about Elliptic Curve Cryptography here: https://steemit.com/monero/@luigi1111/understanding-monero-cryptography-privacy-introduction
Learn about Monero's proof of work algorithm, stealth addresses and Monero's original ring signatures (LSAG) in the cryptonote white paper https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf
Learn about how confidential transactions hide transaction amounts (including what range proofs are) here: https://people.xiph.org/~greg/confidential_values.txt
Learn about blockchain transaction structures here: https://cryptonote.org/standards/
Learn about the MLSAG upgrade to Monero's ring signatures here: https://lab.getmonero.org/pubs/MRL-0005.pdf
Learn about Bulletproofs, which will be replacing Monero's existing range proofs, here: https://github.com/AdamISZ/from0k2bp/blob/master/testzkp.pdf and here: https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/1066.pdf
Learn about ring signatures in a more general sense here: http://diyhpl.us/~bryan/papers2/bitcoin/Borromean%20ring%20signatures.pdf
Learn about subaddresses here: https://lab.getmonero.org/pubs/MRL-0006.pdf
See all of the Monero Research Lab publications here: https://lab.getmonero.org/
A self-contained and comprehensive description of the crypto of RCT transactions can be found under https://github.com/kurtmagnus/Monero-RCT-report/blob/master/main.pdf
I've also noticed a certain lack of comprehensive papers / documentation. I believe that monero's git repo has recently outpaced some of the whitepapers, and now is a good time to start analyzing the code, and building documentation / wikis.
This paper is mentioned many times in the source. Regarding RingCT, there's also this helpful QA.
