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65
votes
8 answers

What is Cauchy Schwarz in 8th grade terms?

I'm an 8th grader. After browsing aops.com, a math contest website, I've seen a lot of problems solved by Cauchy Schwarz. I'm only in geometry (have not started learning trigonometry yet). So can anyone explain Cauchy Schwarz in layman's terms, as…
Schneider
  • 749
65
votes
1 answer

Does $\Bbb{CP}^{2n} \mathbin{\#} \Bbb{CP}^{2n}$ ever support an almost complex structure?

This question has now been crossposted to MathOverflow, in the hopes that it reaches a larger audience there. $\Bbb{CP}^{2n+1} \mathbin{\#} \Bbb{CP}^{2n+1}$ supports a complex structure: $\Bbb{CP}^{2n+1}$ has an orientation-reversing diffeomorphism…
65
votes
9 answers

Why does $\cos(x) + \cos(y) - \cos(x + y) = 0$ look like an ellipse?

The solution set of $\cos(x) + \cos(y) - \cos(x + y) = 0$ looks like an ellipse. Is it actually an ellipse, and if so, is there a way of writing down its equation (without any trig functions)? What motivates this is the following example. The…
65
votes
3 answers

Is "A New Kind of Science" a new kind of science?

A couple of years ago I was reading "New Kind of Science" (NKS) by S. Wolfram, and it presented lot of interesting ideas for a young Physics undergraduate. Now that I am studying Mathematics however, I realise that many ideas of NKS seem to be not…
65
votes
2 answers

Global sections of $\mathcal{O}(-1)$ and $\mathcal{O}(1)$, understanding structure sheaves and twisting.

In chapter 2 section 7 (pg 151) of Hartshorne's algebraic geometry there is an example given that talks about automorphisms of $\mathbb{P}_k^n$. In that example Hartshorne states that $\mathcal{O}(-1)$ has no global sections. However, we know that…
MJoszef
  • 1,105
65
votes
13 answers

Arc length contest! Minimize the arc length of $f(x)$ when given three conditions.

Contest: Give an example of a continuous function $f$ that satisfies three conditions: $f(x) \geq 0$ on the interval $0\leq x\leq 1$; $f(0)=0$ and $f(1)=0$; the area bounded by the graph of $f$ and the $x$-axis between $x=0$ and $x=1$ is equal to…
65
votes
9 answers

Are there other kinds of bump functions than $e^\frac1{x^2-1}$?

I've only seen the bump function $e^\frac1{x^2-1}$ so far. Where could I find examples of functions $C^∞$ on $\mathbb{R}$ that are zero everywhere except on $(-1,1)$? Are there others that do not involve the exponential function? Are there any…
jnm2
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64
votes
2 answers

Computation with a memory wiped computer

Here is another result from Scott Aaronson's blog: If every second or so your computer’s memory were wiped completely clean, except for the input data; the clock; a static, unchanging program; and a counter that could only be set to 1, 2,…
Casebash
  • 9,437
64
votes
6 answers

What should an amateur do with a proof of an open problem?

Assuming that somebody is not an employee of a university, just a math amateur, and makes a proper proof of some well known open math problem, what should he do with it? Publish on the internet for verification or send to some authorities? Is there…
Ztalloc
  • 647
64
votes
5 answers

Picking random points in the volume of sphere with uniform probability

I have a sphere of radius $R_{s}$, and I would like to pick random points in its volume with uniform probability. How can I do so while preventing any sort of clustering around poles or the center of the sphere? Since I'm unable to answer my own…
MHK
  • 643
64
votes
3 answers

What does "∈" mean?

I have started seeing the "∈" symbol in math. What exactly does it mean? I have tried googling it but google takes the symbol out of the search.
Locke
  • 813
64
votes
6 answers

Midpoint-convexity and continuity implies convexity

Assume that function $f$ is continuous on an interval $(a,b)$. Given that $$ f \left( \frac{x+y}{2} \right) \leqslant \frac{f(x) + f(y)}{2} \,,$$ how can I show that $f$ is convex?
Jack
  • 843
64
votes
6 answers

Why do differential forms have a much richer structure than vector fields?

I apologize in advance because this question might be a bit philosophical, but I do think it is probably a genuine question with non-vacuous content. We know as a fact that differential forms have a much richer structure than vector fields, to name…
Jia Yiyang
  • 1,113
64
votes
12 answers

Very good linear algebra book.

I plan to self-study linear algebra this summer. I am sorta already familiar with vectors, vector spaces and subspaces and I am really interested in everything about matrices (diagonalization, ...), linear maps and their matrix representation and…
64
votes
9 answers

How are the Taylor Series derived?

I know the Taylor Series are infinite sums that represent some functions like $\sin(x)$. But it has always made me wonder how they were derived? How is something like $$\sin(x)=\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty \dfrac{x^{2n+1}}{(2n+1)!}\cdot(-1)^n =…