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66
votes
12 answers

What are the Laws of Rational Exponents?

On Math SE, I've seen several questions which relate to the following. By abusing the laws of exponents for rational exponents, one can come up with any number of apparent paradoxes, in which a number seems to be shown as equal to its opposite…
66
votes
5 answers

Is there a change of variables formula for a measure theoretic integral that does not use the Lebesgue measure

Is there a generic change of variables formula for a measure theoretic integral that does not use the Lebesgue measure? Specifically, most references that I can find give a change of variables formula of the form: $$ \int_{\phi(\Omega)} f…
Oyqcb
  • 661
66
votes
10 answers

Symbol for "probably equal to" (barring pathology)?

I am writing lecture notes for an applied statistical mechanics course and often need to express the notion that something is very probably true for functional forms found in the wild, without launching into a full digression for pathological…
mewahl
  • 719
66
votes
16 answers

Choice of $q$ in Baby Rudin's Example 1.1

First, my apologies if this has already been asked/answered. I wasn't able to find this question via search. My question comes from Rudin's "Principles of Mathematical Analysis," or "Baby Rudin," Ch 1, Example 1.1 on p. 2. In the second version of…
Rachel
  • 2,994
66
votes
6 answers

Difference between topology and sigma-algebra axioms.

One distinct difference between axioms of topology and sigma algebra is the asymmetry between union and intersection; meaning topology is closed under finite intersections sigma-algebra closed under countable union. It is very clear mathematically…
Creator
  • 3,198
66
votes
4 answers

Integrals of the form ${\large\int}_0^\infty\operatorname{arccot}(x)\cdot\operatorname{arccot}(a\,x)\cdot\operatorname{arccot}(b\,x)\ dx$

I'm interested in integrals of the form $$I(a,b)=\int_0^\infty\operatorname{arccot}(x)\cdot\operatorname{arccot}(a\,x)\cdot\operatorname{arccot}(b\,x)\ dx,\color{#808080}{\text{ for }a>0,\,b>0}\tag1$$ It's…
66
votes
10 answers

Why is $1/i$ equal to $-i$?

When I entered the value $$\frac{1}{i}$$ in my calculator, I received the answer as $-i$ whereas I was expecting the answer as $i^{-1}$. Even google calculator shows the same answer (Click here to check it out). Is there a fault in my calculator or…
Arulx Z
  • 1,051
66
votes
5 answers

Jacobi identity - intuitive explanation

I am really struggling with understanding the Jacobi Identity. I am not struggling with verifying it or calculating commutators.. I just can't see through it. I can't see the motivation behind it (as an axiom for defining a Lie algebra). Could…
aelguindy
  • 2,718
66
votes
3 answers

"Every linear mapping on a finite dimensional space is continuous"

From Wiki Every linear function on a finite-dimensional space is continuous. I was wondering what the domain and codomain of such linear function are? Are they any two topological vector spaces (not necessarily the same), as along as the domain is…
65
votes
1 answer

Why is the absolute value function not differentiable at $x=0$?

They say that the right and left limits do not approach the same value hence it does not satisfy the definition of derivative. But what does it mean verbally in terms of rate of change?
65
votes
2 answers

Why is $L^{\infty}$ not separable?

$l^p (1≤p<{\infty})$ and $L^p (1≤p<∞)$ are separable spaces. What on earth has changed when the value of $p$ turns from a finite number to ${\infty}$? Our teacher gave us some hints that there exists an uncountable subset such that the distance of…
65
votes
18 answers

What exactly is a number?

We've just been learning about complex numbers in class, and I don't really see why they're called numbers. Originally, a number used to be a means of counting (natural numbers). Then we extend these numbers to instances of owing other people money…
65
votes
18 answers

What are some good ways to get children excited about math?

I'm talking in the range of 10-12 years old, but this question isn't limited to only that range. Do you have any advice on cool things to show kids that might spark their interest in spending more time with math? The difficulty for some to learn…
65
votes
22 answers

Nuking the Mosquito — ridiculously complicated ways to achieve very simple results

Here is a toned down example of what I'm looking for: Integration by solving for the unknown integral of $f(x)=x$: $$\int x \, dx=x^2-\int x \, dx$$ $$2\int x \, dx=x^2$$ $$\int x \, dx=\frac{x^2}{2}$$ Can anyone think of any more examples? P.S.…
65
votes
17 answers

Interesting "real life" applications of serious theorems

As student in mathematics, one sometimes encounters exercises which ask you to solve a rather funny "real life problem", e.g. I recall an exercise on the Krein-Milman theorem which was something like: "You have a great circular pizza with $n$…
user149890