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It looks more like an assumption about local linearity of the function when the shifts u and v are small. This description of the Harris corner detector (used in computer vision) is as thorough as the original paper, and yet I don't see how it relates to the Taylor Series expansion. Could someone connect the two? In the image below, $I_x$ refers to the derivative of I wrt x.

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Taylor in a mild form is invoked when $f(a+h)-f(a)$ is approximated as $hf'(a)+O(h^2)$, that is we use only the first term of the Taylor expansion and the estimate for the error term from Taylor's theorem; here in the form $I(x+u,v+u)-I(x,y)=uI_x(x,y)+vI_y(x,y)+O(u^2,v^2)$