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This is a "follow on" of this question which was dealing with a (single) rectangular circum-hyperbolas (RCH in short) to a certain triangle passing through a certain "fourth point".

Being in need of a general understanding of the set of all these RCH (in order in particular to understand the "degrees of freedom" of this issue), I wrote a computer program (reproduced at the bottom of this question) giving images like this one which has conducted me to a new issue about the set of centers of these RCH hyperbolas.

enter image description here

Fig. 1 : The $n$ RCH hyperbolas passing through points $P_k$ (black stars). Their centers are representd by blue stars. One checks that all RCH hyperbolas pass through the orthocenter.

enter image description here

Fig. 2 : Another case (isosceles triangle). Here, the $3$ pairs (altitudes, opposite sides) can be considered as degenerated cases (RCH hyperbolas reduced to their asymptotes).

Before that, let us give some explanations.

We can assume without loss of generality that vertices $A,B,C$ belong to the unit circle, which is henceforth the circumcircle. Fig. 1 displays a certain number $n$ of RCHs to a fixed triangle. For each of them, the "fourth point" has been constrained to be with cartesian coordinates

$$P_k=(\cos(2k \pi/n), \sin(2k \pi/n)), \ \ k=1\cdots n$$ It looks a thorough choice because in this way, the curves attached to generic point $P_{\theta}=(\cos(\theta),\sin(\theta))$ provide a "foliation" of the plane.

Circum-conics to a triangle have (with respect to this triangle) a barycentric equation of the form (see this article):

$$uyz+vzx+wxy=0 \ \ \begin{cases}\text{ellipse if u,v,w have the same sign}\\\text{hyperbola if u,v,w have not all the same sign}\\\text{parabola if } u+v+w=0\end{cases}\tag{1}$$

Restriction to RCH hyperbolas brings the supplementary condition ;

$$u \cos \hat{A}+v \cos \hat{B}+u \cos \hat{C}=0\tag{2}$$

giving rise (see p. 121 of Paul Yiu's notes here $\color{red}{\text{Take care : not secure site}}$) to the general equation (3), with the following notation : let $P$ with barycentric coordinates $(u:v:w)$ (think to $P$ as being the "fourth point" of the initial quesstion), the (unique) barycentric equation of the RCH to triangle $ABC$ passing through $P$ is :

$$u(S_Bv-S_Cw)yz+v(S_Cw-S_Au)zx+w(S_Au-S_Bv)xy=0\tag{3}$$

with Conway's conventions $S_A=\tfrac12(b^2+c^2-a^2), $ etc.

Experimental observation is that the hyperbolas' centers lie on a specific conic, more precisely an ellipse passing through the feet of altitudes. This ellipse attached to the triangle is almost surely a known one, but till now, I haven't been able to find which one...

So my main question is :

  • How can we prove that the locus of centers of all > RCHs is a conic, more precisely an ellipse ? Besides, is it a known one ?

Another question :

  • Is it possible to find a differential equation whose integral curves are these RCH hyperbolas ?

Remark : among the RCHs, there are two particular ones, the Kiepert hyperbola and the Jerabek hyperbola with resp. centers $X_{115}$ and $X_{125}.$

Matlab program for Fig. 1 :

 clear all;close all;
 L=1.6;n=40;
 plot(0,0,'sk');hold on;axis([-L L -L L]);axis equal; % origin=circumcenter
 aa=(4/9)*pi;bb=(9/8)*pi;cc=(15/8)*pi;
 A=exp(i*aa);B=exp(i*bb);C=exp(i*cc);T=[A,B,C]; % vertices
 a=abs(B-C);b=abs(C-A);c=abs(A-B); % sidelengths
 %aC=(bb-aa)/2;aA=(cc-bb)/2;aB=(aa-cc+2*pi)/2; % angles
 SA=(b^2+c^2-a^2)/2;SB=(c^2+a^2-b^2)/2;SC=(a^2+b^2-c^2)/2; % Conway
 M=[real(T);imag(T);[1,1,1]]; % direct matrix cart. -> baryc
 plot(M(1,[1,2,3,1]),M(2,[1,2,3,1]),'-or','LineWidth',3);hold on;axis equal
 N=inv(M); % inverse matrix cart (x,y) -> baryc. (aBC, bBC, cBC)
 aBC=@(x,y)(N(1,1)*x+N(1,2)*y+N(1,3));
 bBC=@(x,y)(N(2,1)*x+N(2,2)*y+N(2,3));
 cBC=@(x,y)(N(3,1)*x+N(3,2)*y+N(3,3));
 gr=@(u,v,w)((u*A+v*B+w*C)/(u+v+w)); % bary (u,v,w) -> cartesian
 for k=1:n;
    ang=(k/n)*2*pi;co=cos(ang);si=sin(ang);
    u=aBC(co,si);v=bBC(co,si);w=cBC(co,si);
    plot(gr(u,v,w),'pk');hold on; 
    U=u*(SB*v-SC*w);V=v*(SC*w-SA*u);W=w*(SA*u-SB*v); %  formula (3)
    fimplicit(@(x,y)(U.*bBC(x,y).*cBC(x,y)+...
       V*cBC(x,y).*aBC(x,y)+W*aBC(x,y).*bBC(x,y)),...
       [-2 2],'MeshDensity', 100); hold on;
    Uc=U*(-a*U+b*V+c*W);Vc=V*(a*U-b*V+c*W);Wc=W*(a*U+b*V-c*W); % center
    plot(gr(Uc,Vc,Wc),'pb');hold on;
 end;
Jean Marie
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    Beautiful pictures! – orangeskid Jun 15 '25 at 18:43
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    @orangeskid Thanks. In fact this flow-like picture is the reason for my second question about a possible "hidden" differential system... – Jean Marie Jun 15 '25 at 19:47
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    I've found in Salmon -- Conics that the locus of the centers of conics passing through 4 points is the conic passing through the midpoints of the 6 segments; In this case you would get the 9 point circle, no? ( unless I am confused)... – orangeskid Jun 15 '25 at 20:15
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    @orangeskid I have seen this theorem before. But here 1) there is no fixed 4th point (because orthocenter doesn't count as such) 2) There is the specific constraint of "rectangularity" for the hyperbolas. Besides, though the "blue stars" curve looks on this figure very close to the 9 points circle, this curve doesn't cross in general the sides of the triangle in their midpoints. – Jean Marie Jun 15 '25 at 21:43
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    @orangeskid Wait ! I just saw this very nice animation by @Blue which shows that you are right : it looks to be the 9 points circle. I am very perturbated... I need to have a nap... – Jean Marie Jun 15 '25 at 21:58
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    In the book Forsyth- A treatise on differential equations, right at the beginning he shows how to get from a two parameter family of curves f(x,y,a,b) = 0 to a differential equation... (something classic, less common these days) – orangeskid Jun 15 '25 at 22:16
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    @orangeskid I have added a second figure where the locus is without doubt not the 9 points circle. The contradiction with the animation by Blue remains... Besides, thanks for pointing me to the way of a solution for the differential system. – Jean Marie Jun 15 '25 at 22:20
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    @JeanMarie: I have updated my old answer with the (very nice ;) animation, giving the parameterized coordinates of the hyperbola's center. As this center is the midpoint of the triangle's orthocenter and the variable point on the triangle's circumcircle, it must lie on the triangle's nine-point circle. – Blue Jun 16 '25 at 03:07
  • @Blue Thanks. I must check my calculations ; in particular I'm puzzled by results such as shown on my figure 2. – Jean Marie Jun 16 '25 at 06:29
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    @JeanMarie: Another way to approach this is to start with the hyperbola, say, $P(p)=(p,k/p)$, defining $A:=P(a)$, $B:=P(b)$, $C:=P(c)$. The orthocenter of $\triangle ABC$ is $H=P\left(-\frac{k^2}{abc}\right)$; certainly, $Q:=-H$ lies on the hyp, and one can check that it lies on the $\bigcirc ABC$. That the hyp's center (the origin) is the midpoint of $Q$ and $H$ implies that each of Fig2's blue stars "should be" the midpt of its corresponding black star and the orthocenter, putting all blue stars on the nine-point circle. I don't read MatLab, so I can't tell if there's a flaw in the code. – Blue Jun 16 '25 at 07:14
  • @Blue Thank you very much for these insightful comments. As I haven't much time this week, I will postpone "revisions" to the next week end... – Jean Marie Jun 16 '25 at 08:10

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