0

Prove that $n^n = \sum^{n}_{k=1}$ $k!$ $n\choose k $$kn^{n-k-1}$ using a combinatorial argument

My attempt:

For the LHS I considered $n$ distinct people to be placed into $n$ distinct rooms each of which has no restriction on the number of people in it. So they can be placed in $n^n$ ways as each person has n choices for a room.

For the RHS, I let k be the number of rooms that are being occupied and so we choose k rooms from the total n in $n \choose k $ ways. This is where I am getting stuck, as the values of the terms that are attached to $n \choose k $ in the expression are not coming to be the same as when I calculate it explicitly.

For eg. say $n = 3$ and $k = 2$ then we can place the people in $3 \choose 2 $6 ways. But from the term in the expression we get
$2!$$3 \choose 2 $ 2 = 4$3 \choose 2 $ ways.

I also tried manipulating the terms in the expression to make it work for eg.

$\sum^{n}_{k=1}$ $k!$ $n\choose n-k $$kn^{n-k-1}$ or

$\sum^{n}_{k=1}$ $(n-k)!$ $n\choose k $$(n-k)n^{k-1}$

But none of them work... So I think the initial scenario for the combinatorial argument is wrong and I cannot think of any other

  • There are several answers in the linked question, the one OP is looking for should be Mike Earnest's answer – jet457 Apr 20 '25 at 20:52
  • One important fact is that the term $n^{n-k-1}$ isn't an integer for $k=n,$ so you have to multiply both sides by $n$ to get something countable, or you'll have to combine terms like treating $kn^{n-k-1}$ as one count, since it is always an integer. – Thomas Andrews Apr 20 '25 at 21:47

0 Answers0