0

The exercise is

Assume $H$ is a proper subgroup of the finite group $G$. Prove $G\neq \bigcup\limits_{g\in G} gHg^{-1}$, i.e., $G$ is not the union of the conjugates of any proper subgroup [Hint: Put $H$ in some maximal subgroup and use the preceding exercise.]

The preceding exercise is

Recall that a proper subgroup $M$ of $G$ is called maximal if whenever $M\leq H\leq G$, either $H=M$ or $H=G$. Prove that if $M$ is a maximal subgroup then either $N_G(M)=M$ or $N_G(M)=G$. Deduce that if $M$ is a maximal subgroup of $G$ that is not normal in $G$ then the number of nonidentity elements of $G$ that are contained in conjugates of $M$ is at most $(|M|-1)|G:M|$ .

The solution to the exercise can be found here: https://math.stackexchange.com/a/121534/987127

What is the "maximal subgroup" the hint is pointing me to? I don't believe $N_G(H)$ is maximal in general, which is what the solution used.

Shean
  • 1,022
  • You don't need to use a maximal subgroup. If $G$ acts on the cosets of $H$ the orbit contains exactly $|G|/|N_G(H)|$ elements. Since $H\subseteq N_G(H)$ we get $$|G|/|N_G(H)|\le |G|/|H|.$$ Now you can estimate how many elements are at most in the union of the cosets and you are done. This solution obviously requires you to know about group actions. – schiepy Jan 13 '25 at 10:06
  • I understand the solution that I linked. I want to know what the hint is pointing to. – Shean Jan 13 '25 at 10:12
  • @Shean If $G$ is finite then it is easy to show that $H$ must be contained in some maximal subgroup $M$. If you prove the statement for $M$ then in particular it will hold for the smaller group $H$. – Mark Jan 13 '25 at 11:39
  • @Shean, ah, then I misunderstood. Sorry! – schiepy Jan 13 '25 at 14:37

0 Answers0