0

There is another answer to the same proof, given here: Proof explanation, prop 7.16 "Introduction to Topological Manifolds" by Lee but my question is mostly focused on another point.

In J. Lee.s "Introduction to Topological Manifolds", we are given the following:

Let $X$ be a topological space. Suppose $f:I \to X$ is a loop based at $p \in X$, and $\tilde{f}:S^1 \to X$ is its circle representative. Then the following are equivalent:

(a). $f$ is a null-homotopic loop.

(b). $\tilde{f}$ is freely homotopic to a constant loop.

(c). $\tilde{f}$ extends to a continuous map from the closed disk to $X$.

The beginning of the proof for $b) \implies c)$ looks like this:

$\ldots$ Next, assume that $\tilde{f}$ is freely homotopic to the constant map $k:S^1 \to X$, and let $H:S^1 \times I \to X$ be the homotopy $H_0 = k$ and $H_1 = f$.

Here is my confusion; how do we know that $f$ and $k$ are homotopic, if we assume that $\tilde{f}$ and $k$ are homotopic?

Remark I: By $\tilde{f}$ being the circle representative of $f$ we mean that $\tilde{f}$ is the unique map such that $\tilde{f} \circ \omega = f$ where $\omega:I \to S^1$ is explicitly defined by $s \mapsto e^{2\pi i s}$.

Remark II: Of course, the proof does not directly state that there actually exists such a homotopy, but I think we do need the existence of one for the proof to go through (we want to show that there is an extension of $\tilde{f}$ as in c)).

Ben123
  • 1,847
  • 2
    Are you sure it's not a typo? If $H\colon S^1\times I\to X$ is a homotopy, then $H_1$ has domain $S^1$, so the author probably means $H_1=\tilde f$. – Cheerful Parsnip Oct 20 '24 at 18:18
  • No am I not sure, and that is what I thought at first; now I am not so sure, since we want $\tilde{H}$ to restrict to $\tilde{f}$ on $S^1$, hmm. Well, let´s see. I'll have to think about it.

    $\tilde{H}$ being induced here from descent/passing to the quotient.

    – Ben123 Oct 20 '24 at 18:20
  • 1
    Yes, it must be a typo or just sloppy writing. Check the rest of the proof. – Moishe Kohan Oct 20 '24 at 18:24
  • 1
    Yep, seems like it: https://sites.math.washington.edu/~lee/Books/ITM/errata.pdf (see p. 4 of the document). – Ben123 Oct 20 '24 at 18:30

1 Answers1

1

It is a typo. The maps $f$ and $k$ have different domains $I$ and $S^1$, therefore they cannot be homotopic. You have to take the circle representative instead of $f$.

Also see Characterizing simply connected spaces for the general context.

Paul Frost
  • 87,968