The context for the question is due to a comment in Milne’s Introduction to Shimura Varieties. I have limited background in algebraic groups (i.e. just enough to know what it is when it is used).
Besides the point, how does one determine if an algebraic group have $PSL_2$ as a quotient? Say, $U(2,1)$ for example. Certainly dimension is a nice enough way to check so anything dimension $<3$ cannot have it as a quotient.
Is there anything else one can do? Allegedly, this is doable via Dynkin diagrams. See "Edit II" and an answer describing this story is perfectly acceptable as well.
Edit: I realize it isn’t $PSL_2$ that I care about, but $PGL_2$. In either case, there’s many ways to generalize the above question so let me keep it to $PSL_2$. For the $PGL_2$ case, one can use the fact $PGL_2$ is noncompact so anything that is compact, such as $U(2,1)$, cannot have it as a quotient.
Edit II: According to @jackson, there should be a component of the Dynkin diagram that is of type $A_1$ and this should follow from the classification of split connected reductive groups.