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Edit: I think maybe I'm making this way harder than it needs to be. If $L\subsetneq R:= k[z_1,...,z_m]$ is an ideal such that $V(L)$ is equidimensional and $f_1,...,f_p\in R$, then it seems like Krull's PIT gives $$dim(R/\mathfrak{p}) \geq dim(R/L)-p $$ for any prime $\frak p$ minimal over $(f_1,...,f_p)+L$. Maybe all the talk about regular embeddings and localizing just confused me. Or maybe I'm still confused.


I've been trying to do this Ravi Vakil exercise for a while now:

enter image description here

It all makes sense until the end. I need to show that the diagonal $$\Delta = V(x_1-y_1,x_2-y_2,...,x_d-y_d)\subset Spec~k[x_1,...,x_d,y_1,...,y_d]= \mathbb{A}_k^d\times \mathbb{A}_k^d$$

cuts away no more than $d$ dimensions from $X\times Y \subset \mathbb{A}_k^d\times \mathbb{A}_k^d$. $~~$ (This suffices since then

$$dim(X\cap Y) = dim(X\times Y \cap \Delta) \geq dim(X)+dim(Y)-d.)$$

Vakil says to do this "locally" and use Krull's PIT. Ok so it suffices to show that the embedding

$$\iota: (X\times Y) \cap \Delta \longrightarrow X\times Y $$

is "a regular embedding of codimension $d$" in the sense that for every point $p\in (X\times Y) \cap \Delta$, the kernel of the induced map of stalks $$ ker~\big(~\mathcal{O}_{X\times Y ,~ \iota(p)} \longrightarrow \mathcal{O}_{(X\times Y) \cap \Delta, ~p}\big) $$ is generated by a "regular sequence" of length $d$, $$\sigma_1,...,\sigma_d.$$ "Regular sequence" means that for $i=1,...,d$, we have that $\sigma_i$ is not a zero-divisor of $$\mathcal{O}_{X\times Y ,~ \iota(p)}\big/(\sigma_1,...,\sigma_{i-1}). $$ Showing this "regularity" condition suffices because then it is also true that every $p\in X\times Y$ is contained in some open neighborhood $U\subset X\times Y$ such that $\Delta\cap U$ is cut out from $U$ by such a sequence, so that we can then apply Krull's PIT one element of the sequence at a time to show that each element cuts away exactly $1$ dimension from $U$ (recalling that $X\times Y$ and therefore $U$ is equidimensional since $X$ and $Y$ are equidimensional -- thanks to Alex Youcis for the proof of that.)

OK MY QUESTION IS: How do I find this regular sequence x_1,...,x_d at each point $p$?

In algebraic terms, given radical ideals $I\subset k[x_1,...,x_n]=k[\overline x]$, $J\subset k[y_1,...,y_n]=k[\overline y]$ (such that $V(I), V(J)$ are equidimensional), and a prime ideal $$\mathfrak p\subset k[\overline x]\otimes_k k[\overline y]\big/ (I\otimes k[\overline y]+ k[\overline x]\otimes J)$$ I need to somehow find a regular sequence of elements in

$$\bigg(k[\overline x]\otimes_k k[\overline y]\big/ (I\otimes k[\overline y]+ k[\overline x]\otimes J)\bigg)_\frak p$$

that generates the ideal $(x_1-y_1,x_2-y_2,...,x_d-y_d)_\frak p$.

And another peripheral question that occurs to me just now: If we can complete the proof in this way, haven't we actually shown that the codimension of every component of $X\cap Y$ is exactly $codim_{\mathbb{A}_k^d}(X)+codim_{\mathbb{A}_k^d}(Y)$? After all, we covered $X\cap Y$ with open sets $W$, each obtained by starting with $U$, a pure $dim(X)+dim(Y)$-dimensional variety, and cutting out $W$ with a regular sequence of length $d$. So isn't every such $W$ of pure dimension $dim(X)+dim(Y)-d$? Anyway that's probably a stupid question that just occurred to me; my real interest is in the first question of how to complete the proof.

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    I agree that you're making it much harder than it needs to be: $X\cap Y\to X\times Y$ is not always a regular embedding of codimension $d$ (take $X=Y$, for instance), so you shouldn't try to prove that. The claim in your edit is correct, and can be deduced from the answer over here dealing with the same material. If this isn't quite enough and you're in search of a bit more explanation, I'd be happy to write something for you if you let me know more about what precisely is bugging you. – KReiser Jun 08 '21 at 04:55

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