I search for an example of a function defined on $[0,1]$, strictly increasing on $A=\{\{n\sqrt{2}\}|~n\in \mathbb{Z}\}$, which is not monotone on any interval $I\subset [0,1]$
Maybe there is a simple example, but I cannot see it yet...
By a density result (of the set $A$ in $[0,1]$) it follows that such a function cannot be continuous on $[0,1]$.