I have been reading Steven Shreve's Stochastic Calculus for Finance II. This question is from Chapter 4 Stochastic Calculus Page 129. This is theorem 4.2.2 (Proof of Ito isometry).
This theorem is about proving the following:
$$\mathbb E I^2(t)=\mathbb E\int_0^t \Delta^2(u)du$$
Here $\Delta(t)$ is an adapted stochastic process meaning that it is $\mathcal{F}(t)$- measurable for each $t \geq 0.$ I can't seem to understand how we got the following:
