The user who raised the question about three years ago might have learnt more about determinants. The reason for which I answer the question is that I want to give information that is probably too long for a comment.
There exists An introduction to determinants, a book about determinants for beginners (= persons who do not necessarily have a knowledge of linear algebra). This book is devoted to determinants, so there is little linear algebra in this book. Determinants in this book are defined recursively: for every square matrix $A$,
$$
\det {(A)}
=
\begin{cases}
[A]_{1,1},
& n = 1; \\
\displaystyle \sum_{i = 1}^{n}
{(-1)^{i+1} [A]_{i,1} \det {(A(i|1))}},
& n \geq 2,
\end{cases}
$$
in which $[A]_{i,j}$ is the $(i,j)$-entry of $A$, and $A(i|j)$ the matrix obtained from $A$ by removing row $i$ and column $j$ (one can read this post for more information). It is also proved in this book that the Leibniz formula for determinants is true, so the author is not defining a new kind of determinants (one can read this post for more information).
It is hoped that anyone, espcially a person who does not bother to relearn all of linear algebra, can get started quickly, with this book.
A disadvantage is that the book is currently only in the Chinese language, but according to the author, the author will probably translate it into English when the author has much more spare time.