Certainly one can extend Lie algebras by Lie algebras. Here the ground field is considered as a $1$-dimensional abelian Lie algebra. For example, we have the short exact sequence of Lie algebras
$$
0 \rightarrow \mathfrak{sl}_n(K)\rightarrow \mathfrak{gl}_n(K)\rightarrow K \rightarrow 0,
$$
where $\mathfrak{gl}_n(K)$ is an extension of $K$ by $\mathfrak{sl}_n(K)$.
In the second link, $M$ is a Lie algebra module, but it is
in fact considered as an abelian Lie algebra in the short exact sequence. So this is not different.
The second Lie algebra cohomology $H^2(L,M)$ classifies equivalence classes of abelian extenions
$$
0\rightarrow M \rightarrow \mathfrak{g}\rightarrow L \rightarrow 0,
$$
i.e., where $M$ is an abelian Lie algebra. See for example this post:
Classification of Lie Algebra extensions in Weibel's book
and other related posts.