If $X$ is $T_1$, the set $\{x\}$ is closed but regular closed iff $x$ is an isolated point.
So the only $T_1$ examples are discrete. The indiscrete/trivial topology is an example that is not $T_1$. In fact Eric Wofsey shows in this answer that the only examples are the ones where the topology is generated by a partition. (All singletons for the discrete case, a single $\{X\}$ in the indiscrete case).
As a side note, there is a nice (but weird) class of spaces called extremally disconnected where the closure of an open set is again open, so regular closed sets are clopen.
If a space $X$ is regular then the regular open sets form a base for its topology, and so by duality the regular closed sets form a "closed base" (every closed set is an intersection of regular closed sets).