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Let $\pi(n)$ be the prime counting function. And let $\varphi(n)$ be the count of Carmichael pseudo-primes for $1$ to $n$. Is the ratio,

$$\frac{\varphi(n)}{\pi(n)}$$

is known, as $n \to \infty$? I am asking this because of i want to know how much safe is the Fermat Primality Test (the one which only uses Fermat's Little Theorem).

I recently wrote a Python script (initially for RSA) and produced more than 10, random 1024 bit primes with the help of this test. After i used the powerful mathematical software PARI/GP to check if they are really primes or pseudo-primes. In conclusion none of them were pseudo-primes. So, if know this rate, i will know the probability that this test will encounter a pseudo-prime and fail.

İbrahim İpek
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We have the following result (Knödel, $1953$) :- $$\varphi(n)<n\exp\big(-k(\log n \log\log n)^\frac{1}{2}\big)$$ By strengthened version of PNT, we will have for sufficiently large $n$: $$\pi(n)>\frac{n}{\log n}$$ Thus $\forall$ sufficiently large $n$, we have:- $$\frac{\varphi(n)}{\pi(n)}<\log n \exp\big(-k(\log n \log\log n)^\frac{1}{2}\big)=\exp \big(\log \log n -k(\log n \log\log n)^\frac{1}{2}\big)$$ Note that:- $$\lim_{n \to \infty} \log \log n -k(\log n \log\log n)^\frac{1}{2}=- \infty \implies \lim_{n \to \infty} \exp \big(\log \log n -k(\log n \log\log n)^\frac{1}{2}\big)=0$$ Hence, we have:- $$\lim_{n \to \infty}\frac{\varphi(n)}{\pi(n)}=0$$

Haran
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    Hence we can say Fermat's primality test is pretty safe since there is almost no possibility to a randomly selected 1024 bit (in other words, 128 digit in base 10) number to be a pseudo prime. – İbrahim İpek Jul 16 '19 at 14:46
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    More than 128 digits indeed... So it is even safer for this case. – İbrahim İpek Jul 16 '19 at 17:37