We have the AOE as:
$\forall A\,\forall B\,(\forall X\,(X\in A\iff X\in B)\Rightarrow A=B)$
and possibly its converse? I am not sure of the technical details.
I am confused as to why this implies equality, instead of defining it. Currently, I am reading through Naive Set Theory by Halmos. So far, in this set theoretic 'universe' we are constructing, we only have the notion of belonging ($\in$) and a set as a collection of 'things'. So, how can we bring in $=$ without defining it?