I'm new to Ring Theory and I'd like to check if I'm on the correct track with this.
Wolfram defines a PID as "an integral domain in which every proper ideal can be generated by a single element".
As I understand it, an ideal is something like a normal subgroup in group theory. So, if let's say I have a ring defined by all one-variable real coefficients of polynomials denoted $k[x]$ where $k \in \mathbb R$, an ideal $I$ would be addictive subset of $k[x]$ when $k.i \in I$, where $k \in K$ and $i \in I$. How can I go about thinking of such an ideal? Just off my mind, there seems to be no suitable candidates (other than the trivial ones, $0$ and $k[x]$) that can form an ideal.
Also, is my thinking correct on this? $k[x]$ is a PID because for $x \in k[x]$, I can generate all the possible polynomials in $k[x]$ by simply multiplying $x$ by itself to reach the degree of $k[x]$. As I can add $x$ of whichever power I like together, I can get any polynomial in $k[x]$. For instance, if you gave me something like $x^3+2x$, it can be generated by the polynomial $x$ by mutiplying $x$ by itself $3$ times and adding that to $2x$. Is my intuition correct for this? Otherwise, how can you prove that $k[x]$ is a PID?
Thanks for all the help.