I am reading "The Joy of Sets: Fundamentals of Contemporary Set Theory". A binary relation $R$ on a set $x$ is defined as a subset of the product $x\times x$. The well-known properties of a binary relation are then recalled:
$R$ is reflexive if $(a,a)\in R$ for every $a\in x$
$R$ is symmetric if $(a,b)\in R$ implies $(b,a)\in R$
$R$ is antisymmetric if $(a,b)\in R$ and $(b,a)\in R\to a=b$
$R$ is connected if $a=b$ or $(a,b)\in R$ or $(b,a)\in R$
$R$ is transitive if $(a,b)\in R$ and $(b,c)\in R\to (a,c)\in R$
Then Exercise 1.5.1 askes: which of the above properties are satisfied by the membership relation $\in $ on a set $x$?
I can't understand how the membership relation $\in$ is defined. I guess that it must be a subset of $x\times x$. Then $(a,b)\in \epsilon$ iff $a\in b$? So the elements of $x$ are supposed to be sets themselves?