I have encountered an inequality in the book Foundations of Modern Probability by Kallenberg. In Lemma 1.29, chapter 1, where the author proves the Holder inequality, here is one step.
Let $p >0$ and $q>0$ and that $p^{-1}+q^{-1} =1$. Also let $f, g$ be two functions then
$|fg| \leq \int_{0}^{|f|} x^{p-1} dx + \int_{0}^{|g|} y^{q-1} dy$
This seems to be a simple inequality as the only hint given by the author is "by calculus". But for some reason I cannot wrap my mind around it. Any help is welcomed.