Let $I=[0,1]$. This construction is precisely the quotient space
$$X=(I\times \{0\}\sqcup I\times \{1\})/{\sim}$$
where $(x,1)\sim (x,0)$ if and only if $x\ne 0$. Then this quotient space "looks" like a line with two origins: namely $(0,1)$ and $(0,0)$, or $0'$ and $0$ if you wish. More intuitively, we take the disjoint union of two unit intervals, and then we "glue" all of the corresponding points together except for the origins. In this way, we get a "unit interval" with two origins.
In general, when we make these sorts of "quotient" constructions, we define the open sets to be precisely those sets that make the quotient map continuous. In particular, $U\subset X$ is open if and only if $\pi^{-1}(U)$ is open in $I\times \{0\}\sqcup I\times \{1\}$. Here $\pi: (I\times \{0\}\sqcup I\times \{1\})\to X$ is the map which sends a point to its equivalence class.
So, this lets us see that the open sets in this line with two origins containing the point $0'$ are precisely those of the form $[0', k)$ for $k\in (0,1)$. Indeed, then, a neighborhood basis for $0'$ should look like a neighborhood basis for $0:$ i.e., it is comprised of open sets of the form $[0',\epsilon)$ with $\epsilon\in (0,1)$.