3

The book I am reading asks the reader to verify that the Kronecker Delta is a second-order mixed tensor with one contravariant and one covariant index as indicated:

$$ \delta_j^i = \left\{\begin{array}{ll} 1 & i = j\\ 0 & i \neq j \end{array} \right.$$

By definition, if it were such a tensor we would have:

$$ {\delta'}_j^i = \delta_l^k \frac{\partial{x_i}'}{\partial{x_k}}\frac{\partial{x_l}}{\partial{x_j}'}$$

using the summation convention. I have seen a "proof" of this equation somewhere else that goes on to say:

$$ {\delta'}_j^i = \delta_k^k \frac{\partial{x_i}'}{\partial{x_k}}\frac{\partial{x_k}}{\partial{x_j}'} = \frac{\partial{x_i}'}{\partial{x_j}'} = \left\{\begin{array}{ll} 1 & i' = j'\\ 0 & i' \neq j' \end{array} \right.$$

supposedly verifying it by using the fact that ${\delta}_l^k = 0$ if $ k \neq l$.

However, since k is a dummy index that gets summed over, shouldn't we have $$ {\delta'}_j^i = \left\{\begin{array}{ll} n & i' = j'\\ 0 & i' \neq j' \end{array} \right.$$

where n is the dimension of the space?

For example, if i' = 1, j' = 1, n = 2, wouldn't the transformation equation above give:

$$ {\delta'}_1^1 = \delta_1^1 \frac{\partial{x_1}'}{\partial{x_1}}\frac{\partial{x_1}}{\partial{x_1}'} + \delta_2^2 \frac{\partial{x_1}'}{\partial{x_2}}\frac{\partial{x_2}}{\partial{x_1}'} = 2 $$

where I've used $\delta_1^2 = \delta_2^1 = 0$? Where am I going wrong here?

Tim Clark
  • 418
  • 1
  • 3
  • 7
  • 4
    Are you sure both $\frac{\partial x_1'}{\partial x_1} \frac{\partial x_1}{\partial x_1'} = 1$ and $\frac{\partial x_1'}{\partial x_2} \frac{\partial x_2}{\partial x_1'} = 1$? – kennytm Jul 25 '16 at 18:52
  • Very good point! I was haphazardly treating them like fractions i.e. a/b * b/a = a/a * b/b = 1. However, I see what you mean: Factoring out the kroneckers, which are each 1, gives us 1(total chain ruled derivative of x1' with respect to x1'), which is 11 = 1. That clears it up, thank you. – Tim Clark Jul 25 '16 at 19:49
  • How do you get ${\delta'}_j^i = \delta_k^k \frac{\partial{x_i}'}{\partial{x_k}}\frac{\partial{x_k}}{\partial{x_j}'}$ ? – Enhao Lan May 17 '20 at 13:21

0 Answers0