3

Decide if the following statement is true or false:

If $a,b \in M$ belong to different connected components, then there exists a disconnection $M = A \cup B$ (with $A$, $B$ open and disjoint), with $a \in A$ and $b \in B$.

(Hint: consider $a = (0,0)$, $b = (0,1)$ , $X = \{(1/n,y) \in \mathbb{R}^2, n \in \mathbb{N}, y \in \mathbb{R} \}$ and $M = X \cup \{a,b\}$ )"

I've trying to do it, but I can't prove that $M$ is a counterexample for the statement above. Could you help me?

ajotatxe
  • 66,849
David
  • 31
  • 1
  • welcome to stackexchange. Learn latex. – Babai Dec 10 '14 at 17:53
  • You can look up "quasicomponents"(for eg., see the quasicomponents section in https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locally_connected_space ). It is related to the concept involved in your question. – Avyaktha Achar Mar 26 '25 at 07:29

2 Answers2

1

You have to show that any open and closed (clopen) subset $A$ of $M$ which contains $a$ also contains $b$.

Hint: If $A$ is a clopen set around $a$, then it intersects all but finitely many of the intervals $J_n=\{1/n\}\times\Bbb R$. How "much" of $J_n$ would $A$ then include. Can you construct a sequence $x_n\to b$ within $A$?

Stefan Hamcke
  • 28,621
1

First let's show $a$ and $b$ are in different components of $M$. Well, the component of $a$ in $M$ is simply $\{a\}$: Let $S$ be any subset of $M$ properly containing $\{a\}$. If $S=\{a,b\}$ then clearly $S$ is not connected. If $S$ hits one of the vertical lines, say $J_n=\{1/n\}\times \mathbb R$, then since $J_n$ is clopen in $M$ we have $S\cap J_n$ a proper clopen subset of $S$, whence $S$ is not connected. Similarly, the component of $b$ in $M$ is $\{b\}$.

Now I will paraphrase Stefan's answer and show there is no disconnection of $X$ between $a$ and $b$. Let $A\subseteq M$ be clopen containing $a$. Then $A$ intersects a tail of the $J_n$'s. Since the $J_n$'s are connected we must have this tail of $J_n$'s contained in $A$. It is now easy to see that $b\in A$.

Forever Mozart
  • 9,534