Most Popular

1500 questions
16
votes
1 answer

How does the vectorization map relate to the Choi and Kraus representations of a channel?

I know that the Choi operator is a useful tool to construct the Kraus representation of a given map, and that the vectorization map plays an important role in such construction. How exactly does the vectorization map work in this context, and how…
Tobias Fritzn
  • 741
  • 4
  • 11
16
votes
2 answers

State of the art gate speeds and decoherence times

I am interested in the state of the art gate speeds and decoherence times for the qubit types I know are being pursued by companies presently: superconducting qubits, ion trap qubits, photonic qubits. Where can I find these, and is there a place…
16
votes
2 answers

Graphical Calculus for Quantum Circuits

So far I have read a little bit about zx-calculus & y-calculus. From the first chapter of Reversible Computation: The zx-calculus is a graphical language for describing quantum systems. The zx-calculus is an equational theory, based on rewriting…
user820789
  • 3,440
  • 14
  • 43
16
votes
1 answer

Status of Google's quantum supremacy claim 2022

More than a year ago a couple of scientists made a splash by presenting a classical algorithm that took less than a week to simulate Sycamore's circuits on a small GPU cluster. Also, their simulations produced exact results and not estimates. This…
MonteNero
  • 3,394
  • 8
  • 25
16
votes
4 answers

Grover's Algorithm and its relation to complexity classes?

I am getting confused about Grover's algorithm and it's connection to complexity classes. The Grover's algorithm finds and element $k$ in a database of $N=2^n$ (such that $f(k)=1$) of elements with $$\sim \sqrt{N}=2^{n/2}$$ calls to the oracle. So…
16
votes
1 answer

Violation of the Quantum Hamming bound

The quantum Hamming bound for a non-degenerate $[[N,k,d]]$ quantum error correction code is defined as: \begin{equation} 2^{N-k}\geq\sum_{n=0}^{\lfloor d/2\rfloor}3^n\begin{pmatrix}N \\ n\end{pmatrix}. \end{equation} However, there is no proof…
16
votes
2 answers

What does quantum error correction code notation stand for?

I understand the notation for classical error correcting codes. E.g., "Hamming(7,4)" stands for a Hamming code that uses 7 bits to encode blocks of 4 bits. What does the notation for quantum error correcting codes mean? E.g., there is a paper that…
16
votes
1 answer

What is the difference between QAOA and Quantum Annealing?

Edward Farhi's paper on the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm introduces a way for gate model quantum computers to solve combinatorial optimization algorithms. However, D-Wave style quantum annealers have focused on combinatorial…
16
votes
2 answers

Representation of real numbers in quantum computers

In classical binary computers, real numbers are often represented using the IEEE 754 standard. With quantum computers you can of course do this as well - and for measurements this (or a similar standard) will probably be necessary since the result…
blalasaadri
  • 1,172
  • 10
  • 23
15
votes
2 answers

Does higher channel fidelity imply higher entanglement fidelity?

Consider two noisy quantum channels (CPTP maps), $\Phi_1^A$ and $\Phi_2^A$, acting on a system $A$. Suppose that for any pure state $\left|\psi\right>\in \mathcal H_A$, $$ F\big(\psi, \Phi_1^A(\psi)\big) \geq F\big(\psi,…
UncertainTea
  • 151
  • 2
15
votes
2 answers

How and why does swap test works?

I am having some trouble understanding why a SWAP test would work. I meant I read that and understood the concepts as follows: If the two input states are equal, the output register always results in a state of $|1\rangle$, so a $1$ outcome will be…
Hamza
  • 301
  • 2
  • 7
15
votes
3 answers

How to calculate an Expected Value of some operator acting on qubits?

I'm trying to implement the Variational Quantum Eigensolver in Qiskit. Suppose, I have an operator $A = \sigma_1^z\sigma_2^z$ acting on some two-qubit state $|\psi\rangle$. After a measurement I get a set of probabilities corresponding to states…
C-Roux
  • 948
  • 2
  • 9
  • 20
15
votes
2 answers

Why doesn't the Gottesman-Knill theorem render quantum computing almost useless?

The Gottesman-Knill theore states (from Nielsen and Chuang) Suppose a quantum computation is performed which involves only the following elements: state preparations in the computational basis, Hadamard gates, phase gates, controlled-NOT gates,…
user2723984
  • 1,166
  • 8
  • 16
15
votes
1 answer

Why isn't there a contradiction between the existence of CNOT gate/entanglement and the no-cloning theorem?

Of course I am not implying that I am right and the no cloning theorem is wrong, but I am trying to figure out what is wrong with my reasoning and yet I couldn't find the mistake. Based on Wikipedia: In physics, the no-cloning theorem states that…
u185619
  • 253
  • 2
  • 7
15
votes
2 answers

How many two-qubit gates are required to implement a general N-qubit unitary?

Is there a known formula or a scaling behaviour for how many two-qubit gates are required to construct a general N-qubit unitary? I suppose there are several cases to consider: Exact representation of the gates Approximate decompositions to a given…
as2457
  • 330
  • 1
  • 8