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It is straightforward to prove that if $n$ is a triangular number then $9n+1$ must be.

Is there a systematic decomposition of a triangle made of $9n+1$ dots into nine triangles of $n$ dots plus one left over to illustrate this fact visually?

Jean-Claude Arbaut
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dbmag9
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2 Answers2

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Visual proof. ${}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}$

enter image description here

Of course it doesn't depend on the base triangle, here is the same with $T_4$:

enter image description here

With regard to the pattern mentionned by Teresa Lisbon in a comment above, here is how $25T_n+3$ shows up:

enter image description here

The pattern may be repeated with a number of "holes" that is itself a triangle number, for instance:

enter image description here

In light red, the repeated pattern.

This pattern yields the general result: $8T_pT_q+T_p+T_q=T_n$ with $n=2pq+p+q$, and of course $T_n=\frac12n(n+1)$. It's not difficult to prove algebraically.

Jean-Claude Arbaut
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8

Another one, based on the fact that centered hexagonal numbers can be expressed as $6T_n+1$: enter image description here

player3236
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