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Let $X∼N(μ,σ^2)$ and $Y= 1−X^2$ be two real-valued r.v. How do I proof that $Cov(X,Y)=0$ but $X,Y$ not independent?

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An easy way to see that $X$ and $Y$ are independent is by considering for any $t\in\mathbb R$ the probability $$ \mathbb P(X>t,Y<1-t^2), $$ which obviously equals $\mathbb P(X>t)$ since $X>t$ implies that $Y<1-t^2$.

On the other hand, suppose that $X$ and $Y$ are independent. Then $$ \mathbb P(X>t,Y<1-t^2)=\mathbb P(X>t)\mathbb P(Y<1-t^2). $$ Comparing this with the first equation, it follows that $\mathbb P(Y<1-t^2)=1$ for all $t\in\mathbb R$, which means that $\mathbb P(Y=-\infty)=1$ which is a contradiction. Thus $X$ and $Y$ are not independent.

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