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I am looking for tricks for rapidly calculation of $e^A$. It is not a problem to assume the dimension of the matrix is small ($\leq3$).

For example: if $A$ is a 2x2 diagonalizable matrix and $\lambda,\mu$ are their eigenvalues, then $A=P^{-1}DP$, where $D$ is a diagonal matrix with $\lambda,\mu$ as entries. Then $A^n=P^{-1}D^nP$ for some invertible matrix $P$ and, therefore, $A^n_{ij}=\alpha_{ij}\lambda^n+\beta_{ij}\mu^n$ for all $n$. The constants can be easily calculated just with $A^0$ and $A$ and a value for $e^A$ follows easily from this.

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